Every person with such a diagnosis should know how blood pressure changes with high blood pressure. More and more people are suffering from this disease. The disease is getting younger and younger, so everyone should understand the basic principles of living with high blood pressure: patients and their family members alike. What kind of pressure endangers life, how should we behave during an attack, does heredity and lifestyle affect the development of the disease? Answering these questions will help prevent many unnecessary problems.
Pressure indicators of high blood pressure
The main cause of high blood pressure is the narrowing of the lumen of the vessel wall due to spasms. This process occurs for many reasons: heredity, bad habits, stress, sedentary lifestyle. The main method of diagnosing high blood pressure is to measure blood pressure. Everyone knows the numbers "between 120 and 80" since childhood. They have their own names and meanings. The first number is an indicator of the functioning of the heart muscle, called systolic blood pressure (SBP). The second indicator evaluates the blood pressure between heartbeats, called diastolic blood pressure.
Symptoms of increased blood pressure are palpitations, nausea, throbbing pain in the back of the head, dizziness, increased sweating, pain in the heart area, insomnia.
Doctors have established a direct correlation between blood pressure indicators and the extent of the patient's illness:
- Less than 120/80 is the optimal number;
- 120-129/80-84 - normal pressure. The diagnosis is made: prehypertension;
- 130–139/85–89 – high, normal blood pressure. In case of hypertension;
- greater than or equal to less than 140/90 – diagnosed ISAH;
- 140–159/90–99 – 1st degree hypertension;
- 160–179/100–109 —2. degree;
- Grade 3 - more than 180/110.
The initial stages of the disease are usually asymptomatic. The first signs of the disease appear easily, and a person simply does not notice them, gradually getting used to the symptoms. Hypertension continues to develop, changing the blood vessels and increasing the likelihood of heart attack, stroke or kidney problems. If high blood pressure is a common diagnosis in the family, it is necessary to regularly check blood pressure parameters to stop the disease in its initial stages.
How is the diagnosis made?
| Research Sections | What are they investigating? | note |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | Indicators are measured every 15-30 minutes for several days. | - |
| Anamnesis | Detailed analysis of complaints and symptoms. | - |
| Physical analysis | Temperature and blood pressure measurement, palpation of the thyroid gland, skin examination. They assess the condition of the arteries close to the surface. | Symptoms of a long-lasting disease: an increase in the size of the heart, the presence of characteristic noises when listening with a stethoscope, blurred vision, spots, swelling of the legs. |
| Instrumental methods | Blood and urine for general analysis | - |
| Blood biochemistry | Regulates sugar, uric acid, K, Na, cholesterol. | |
| EKG | Angina is detected. | |
| Examination of the fundus | Symptoms: narrowing of arteries, microbleeds, dilation of veins. | |
| Ultrasound of the heart | Based on login. | |
| Chest X-ray | The boundaries of the heart muscle are revealed |
What pressure is already dangerous?
Blood pressure indicators that are dangerous for humans are above 140/90. Depending on the numbers on the tonometer and the extent of the changes, the patient's condition is stabilized in several ways. Stage 1, when functional changes occur, is characterized by insomnia, fatigue, and headaches. Attacks are short-lived and unstable. After taking sedatives combined with rest, blood pressure decreases. In stage 2, organic changes appear. Antihypertensive drugs are prescribed to stop the attack. Crises are possible. Kidney function is impaired and vision deteriorates. Attacks are persistent and long lasting. In the third stage, indicators are never normal. Organic changes in internal organs and blood vessels can cause stroke, blindness, heart attack and heart failure.
What to do if you have high blood pressure?
How to stabilize blood pressure during an attack:
- Call an ambulance.
- Place a tablet under your tongue to speed up the absorption of the medicine.
- Breathe evenly and try not to get nervous.
- To expand peripheral blood vessels, you can apply a mustard plaster on the legs.
As a result, the load on the main blood vessels is reduced and a feeling of relief appears. The attack should pass gradually over 2-4 hours, since a sharp jump in "high blood pressure - low blood pressure" has negative consequences, especially if the patient is elderly. Increased blood pressure can cause a panic attack. Hypertensive patients often experience high blood pressure. The tabletsthey help relieve the attack - you need to stop worrying and follow the doctor's instructions. We recommend that you keep a sheet of paper with the sequence of actions in a clearly visible place during the attack so that you can perform everything correctly. This alone will help you cope with panic and lower blood pressure.
To prevent a crisis, you must follow the doctor's recommendations.
Prevention
| General recommendations |
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